Cervical Screening
Cancer Screening Programmes
What You Need to Know
Cervical screening is a simple test to check the health of your cervix (the neck of the womb). It helps prevent cervical cancer by detecting early changes that could become cancer if left untreated. It is not a test for cancer, but a way to stop cancer before it starts.
Who is invited for screening?
Women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64 are invited for screening.
- Ages 25–64: every 5 years
- Trans men and non-binary people with a cervix are also eligible. If your gender marker is not female, you may need to opt in by contacting your GP or sexual health clinic.
- If you’re 65 or older, you’ll only be invited if a recent test was abnormal.
How will I get my invitation?
Invitations are sent by the NHS Cervical Screening Programme.
You’ll be sent an invitation through the NHS App, by text or by letter when it’s time to book your cervical screening appointment.
Your invitation will tell you where you can go for cervical screening and how to book.
Most cervical screening is done in a GP surgery by a female nurse or doctor.
You can usually call your GP surgery to book an appointment with them. You might be able to book the appointment online.
If you think you’re due for screening but haven’t received a letter, contact your GP practice.
What happens at your appointment?
A nurse or doctor takes a small sample of cells from your cervix using a soft brush.
The sample is tested for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes most cervical cancers.
If HPV is found, the sample is checked for abnormal cells.
The test usually takes 5 minutes and is done in a GP surgery or clinic.
HPV and Cervical Cancer
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus. Most people will have it at some point in their lives. It usually causes no symptoms and often clears on its own.
Some types of HPV are called “high-risk” because they can cause changes in cervical cells that may lead to cancer if untreated.
Cervical screening looks for high-risk HPV first. If HPV is found, the sample is checked for abnormal cells so they can be treated before cancer develops.
The HPV vaccine helps protect against the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers. It’s offered to children and young people, and people at higher risk from HPV, but even if you’ve had the vaccine, you still need screening because the vaccine doesn’t cover all HPV types.
Learn more 👉 HPV Vaccine
Your Results
You’ll get your results by letter within 2 weeks (sometimes longer).The letter will explain:
- If HPV was not found – you’ll be invited again in 5 years.
- If HPV was found but no abnormal cells – you’ll be invited for screening again in 12 months.
- If HPV and abnormal cells were found – you’ll be referred for a colposcopy (a closer examination of your cervix).
Most people have a normal result. If you need further tests, the letter will explain what happens next and who to contact for support.
Why is screening important?
Cervical cancer is rare, but it can be serious. Screening prevents most cases by finding changes early.
Even if you’ve had the HPV vaccine, you still need screening because the vaccine doesn’t protect against all HPV types.
Does cervical screening hurt?
It may feel uncomfortable, but it shouldn’t be painful. Tell the nurse if you’re worried—they can help you feel at ease.
Can I bring someone with me?
Yes, you can bring a friend, family member, or carer for support.
What if I’m embarrassed or anxious?
You’re not alone. Talk to the nurse—they can explain what will happen and help you feel comfortable.
Do I need screening if I’ve had the HPV vaccine?
Yes. The vaccine doesn’t protect against all HPV types.
What if I’ve had a hysterectomy?
If your cervix was removed (total hysterectomy), you don’t need screening. If not, you may still need it—check with your GP.
Can I have screening if I’m on my period?
It’s best to book when you’re not bleeding, as it can affect the test.
When will I receive my first invitation?
You’ll get your first invitation a few months before you turn 25.
Why is cervical screening not recommended if you are under 25?
You will not be invited for cervical screening until you’re 25 because:
- cervical cancer is very rare in people under 25
- it might mean you have treatment you do not need – abnormal cell changes often go back to normal in younger women
- For people who may find it hard to attend due to a mental health condition, previous traumatic experience or sexual and/or domestic abuse.
👉 Cervical screening: support for people who find it hard to attend
- For LGBTQ+ and trans communities
👉NHS population screening: information for trans and non-binary people
- For people who may be advised they need a colposcopy
